What is Heart Valve Disease?
Heart valve disease occurs when one or more of the heart’s valves do not work properly.
Some valves become narrowed (stenosis), making it harder for blood to flow through the heart. Others become leaky (regurgitation), allowing blood to flow backwards.
Details on specific heart valve conditions can be found via the British Heart Valve Society.
Heart valve disease can affect people of all ages. Some people are born with valve abnormalities, while others develop valve disease later in life as part of the ageing process. Many people live with valve disease for years without symptoms. Others may require treatment to improve symptoms and protect heart function.
What is a heart murmur?
A heart murmur is an extra sound heard when a doctor or nurse listens to your heart with a stethoscope.
Many murmurs are harmless. However, some murmurs can be caused by a problem with one of the heart valves.
If a murmur is detected, we may arrange an echocardiogram (heart ultrasound scan) to look at your heart in more detail.
Common Symptoms
Many patients with mild valve disease have no symptoms.
Symptoms can include:
- Shortness of breath
- Chest discomfort
- Dizziness or blackouts
- Palpitations
- Swollen ankles or legs
- Reduced exercise tolerance
- Unusual tiredness
If you develop new symptoms or notice existing symptoms getting worse, please contact the valve team.
Why have I developed valve disease?
There are several causes of heart valve disease.
Some people are born with a valve that develops problems later in life. In many people, valve disease develops gradually with age as part of the natural ageing process.
Most patients have not done anything to cause their valve condition.
During your appointment, we will explain the likely cause of your valve disease and answer any questions you may have.
Is valve disease inherited?
Most valve conditions are not inherited.
However, some valve abnormalities can run in families. If we believe your condition may affect close relatives, we will discuss whether family screening is recommended.
Do I need medication?
There is currently no medication that can stop valve disease from progressing.
However, medications can be very helpful in treating symptoms and managing related conditions such as high blood pressure, fluid retention, heart rhythm problems or angina.
Will I need surgery or another procedure?
Not everyone with valve disease needs treatment.
Many people can be safely monitored for years without intervention.
If your valve disease becomes severe or starts causing symptoms, we may recommend a procedure or operation. We will discuss all available options with you and explain the benefits and risks before any decision is made.
Can I exercise?
In most cases, regular exercise is encouraged.
Being active benefits both physical and mental health and can help you recognise any changes in your symptoms.
If you have severe valve disease, or participate in competitive or high-intensity sport, please discuss this with your valve specialist.
Can I drive?
Most people with valve disease can continue driving without restrictions.
However, some patients with severe valve disease may need to follow DVLA guidance.
Please discuss this with your specialist, especially if you drive a bus, coach or lorry (Group 2 licence).
Can I fly?
Most people with stable valve disease can fly safely.
If you have recently had heart surgery or have severe symptoms, please seek advice before travelling.
Always inform your travel insurance provider about your heart condition.
Can I have children?
Many people with valve disease have successful pregnancies.
If you are planning a pregnancy, or discover you are pregnant, please contact the valve team as early as possible. We can arrange specialist assessment and refer you to our joint Cardiology and Obstetric Service if needed.